(libc.info.gz) Internet Namespace

 
 16.6 The Internet Namespace
 ===========================
 
 This section describes the details of the protocols and socket naming
 conventions used in the Internet namespace.
 
    Originally the Internet namespace used only IP version 4 (IPv4).
 With the growing number of hosts on the Internet, a new protocol with a
 larger address space was necessary: IP version 6 (IPv6).  IPv6
 introduces 128-bit addresses (IPv4 has 32-bit addresses) and other
 features, and will eventually replace IPv4.
 
    To create a socket in the IPv4 Internet namespace, use the symbolic
 name `PF_INET' of this namespace as the NAMESPACE argument to `socket'
 or `socketpair'.  For IPv6 addresses you need the macro `PF_INET6'.
 These macros are defined in `sys/socket.h'.  
 
  -- Macro: int PF_INET
      This designates the IPv4 Internet namespace and associated family
      of protocols.
 
  -- Macro: int PF_INET6
      This designates the IPv6 Internet namespace and associated family
      of protocols.
 
    A socket address for the Internet namespace includes the following
 components:
 
    * The address of the machine you want to connect to.  Internet
      addresses can be specified in several ways; these are discussed in
       Internet Address Formats,  Host Addresses and 
      Host Names.
 
    * A port number for that machine.   Ports.
 
    You must ensure that the address and port number are represented in a
 canonical format called "network byte order".   Byte Order, for
 information about this.

 
* Internet Address Formats    How socket addresses are specified in the
                                  Internet namespace.
* Host Addresses              All about host addresses of Internet host.
* Protocols Database          Referring to protocols by name.
* Ports                       Internet port numbers.
* Services Database           Ports may have symbolic names.
* Byte Order                  Different hosts may use different byte
                                  ordering conventions; you need to
                                  canonicalize host address and port number.
* Inet Example                Putting it all together.

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