(cvs.info.gz) Invoking CVS
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Appendix B Quick reference to CVS commands
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This appendix describes how to invoke CVS, with references to where each
command or feature is described in detail. For other references run the
'cvs --help' command, or see Index.
A CVS command looks like:
cvs [ GLOBAL_OPTIONS ] COMMAND [ COMMAND_OPTIONS ] [ COMMAND_ARGS ]
Global options:
'--allow-root=ROOTDIR'
Specify legal CVSROOT directory (server only) (not in CVS 1.9 and
older). See Password authentication server.
'-a'
Authenticate all communication (client only) (not in CVS 1.9 and
older). See Global options.
'-b'
Specify RCS location (CVS 1.9 and older). See Global
options.
'-d ROOT'
Specify the CVSROOT. See Repository.
'-e EDITOR'
Edit messages with EDITOR. See Committing your changes.
'-f'
Do not read the '~/.cvsrc' file. See Global options.
'-H'
'--help'
Print a help message. See Global options.
'-n'
Do not change any files. See Global options.
'-Q'
Be really quiet. See Global options.
'-q'
Be somewhat quiet. See Global options.
'-r'
Make new working files read-only. See Global options.
'-s VARIABLE=VALUE'
Set a user variable. See Variables.
'-T TEMPDIR'
Put temporary files in TEMPDIR. See Global options.
'-t'
Trace CVS execution. See Global options.
'-v'
'--version'
Display version and copyright information for CVS.
'-w'
Make new working files read-write. See Global options.
'-x'
Encrypt all communication (client only). See Global
options.
'-z GZIP-LEVEL'
Set the compression level (client only). See Global
options.
Keyword expansion modes ( Substitution modes):
-kkv $Id: file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp $
-kkvl $Id: file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp harry $
-kk $Id$
-kv file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp
-ko no expansion
-kb no expansion, file is binary
Keywords ( Keyword list):
$Author: joe $
$Date: 1993/12/09 03:21:13 $
$Header: /home/files/file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp harry $
$Id: file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp harry $
$Locker: harry $
$Name: snapshot_1_14 $
$RCSfile: file1,v $
$Revision: 1.1 $
$Source: /home/files/file1,v $
$State: Exp $
$Log: file1,v $
Revision 1.1 1993/12/09 03:30:17 joe
Initial revision
Commands, command options, and command arguments:
'add [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Add a new file/directory. See Adding files.
'-k KFLAG'
Set keyword expansion.
'-m MSG'
Set file description.
'admin [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Administration of history files in the repository. See
admin.
'-b[REV]'
Set default branch. See Reverting local changes.
'-cSTRING'
Set comment leader.
'-kSUBST'
Set keyword substitution. See Keyword substitution.
'-l[REV]'
Lock revision REV, or latest revision.
'-mREV:MSG'
Replace the log message of revision REV with MSG.
'-oRANGE'
Delete revisions from the repository. See admin
options.
'-q'
Run quietly; do not print diagnostics.
'-sSTATE[:REV]'
Set the state. See admin options for more information
on possible states.
'-t'
Set file description from standard input.
'-tFILE'
Set file description from FILE.
'-t-STRING'
Set file description to STRING.
'-u[REV]'
Unlock revision REV, or latest revision.
'annotate [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Show last revision where each line was modified. See
annotate.
'-D DATE'
Annotate the most recent revision no later than DATE. See
Common options.
'-F'
Force annotation of binary files. (Without this option,
binary files are skipped with a message.)
'-f'
Use head revision if tag/date not found. See Common
options.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. Recursive
behavior.
'-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
'-r TAG'
Annotate revision TAG. See Common options.
'checkout [OPTIONS] MODULES...'
Get a copy of the sources. See checkout.
'-A'
Reset any sticky tags/date/options. See Sticky tags
and Keyword substitution.
'-c'
Output the module database. See checkout options.
'-D DATE'
Check out revisions as of DATE (is sticky). See Common
options.
'-d DIR'
Check out into DIR. See checkout options.
'-f'
Use head revision if tag/date not found. See Common
options.
'-j REV'
Merge in changes. See checkout options.
'-k KFLAG'
Use KFLAG keyword expansion. See Substitution modes.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. Recursive
behavior.
'-N'
Don't "shorten" module paths if -d specified. See
checkout options.
'-n'
Do not run module program (if any). See checkout
options.
'-P'
Prune empty directories. See Moving directories.
'-p'
Check out files to standard output (avoids stickiness). See
checkout options.
'-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
'-r TAG'
Checkout revision TAG (is sticky). See Common
options.
'-s'
Like -c, but include module status. See checkout
options.
'commit [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Check changes into the repository. See commit.
'-F FILE'
Read log message from FILE. See commit options.
'-f'
Force the file to be committed; disables recursion. See
commit options.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
'-m MSG'
Use MSG as log message. See commit options.
'-n'
Do not run module program (if any). See commit
options.
'-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
'-r REV'
Commit to REV. See commit options.
'diff [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Show differences between revisions. See diff. In addition
to the options shown below, accepts a wide variety of options to
control output style, for example '-c' for context diffs.
'-D DATE1'
Diff revision for date against working file. See diff
options.
'-D DATE2'
Diff REV1/DATE1 against DATE2. See diff options.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
'-N'
Include diffs for added and removed files. See diff
options.
'-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
'-r REV1'
Diff revision for REV1 against working file. See diff
options.
'-r REV2'
Diff REV1/DATE1 against REV2. See diff options.
'edit [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Get ready to edit a watched file. See Editing files.
'-a ACTIONS'
Specify actions for temporary watch, where ACTIONS is 'edit',
'unedit', 'commit', 'all', or 'none'. See Editing
files.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
'-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
'editors [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
See who is editing a watched file. See Watch information.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
'-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
'export [OPTIONS] MODULES...'
Export files from CVS. See export.
'-D DATE'
Check out revisions as of DATE. See Common options.
'-d DIR'
Check out into DIR. See export options.
'-f'
Use head revision if tag/date not found. See Common
options.
'-k KFLAG'
Use KFLAG keyword expansion. See Substitution modes.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. Recursive
behavior.
'-N'
Don't "shorten" module paths if -d specified. See
export options.
'-n'
Do not run module program (if any). See export
options.
'-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
'-r TAG'
Checkout revision TAG. See Common options.
'history [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Show repository access history. See history.
'-a'
All users (default is self). See history options.
'-b STR'
Back to record with STR in module/file/repos field. See
history options.
'-c'
Report on committed (modified) files. See history
options.
'-D DATE'
Since DATE. See history options.
'-e'
Report on all record types. See history options.
'-l'
Last modified (committed or modified report). See
history options.
'-m MODULE'
Report on MODULE (repeatable). See history options.
'-n MODULE'
In MODULE. See history options.
'-o'
Report on checked out modules. See history options.
'-p REPOSITORY'
In REPOSITORY. See history options.
'-r REV'
Since revision REV. See history options.
'-T'
Produce report on all TAGs. See history options.
'-t TAG'
Since tag record placed in history file (by anyone). See
history options.
'-u USER'
For user USER (repeatable). See history options.
'-w'
Working directory must match. See history options.
'-x TYPES'
Report on TYPES, one or more of 'TOEFWUPCGMAR'. See
history options.
'-z ZONE'
Output for time zone ZONE. See history options.
'import [OPTIONS] REPOSITORY VENDOR-TAG RELEASE-TAGS...'
Import files into CVS, using vendor branches. See import.
'-b BRA'
Import to vendor branch BRA. See Multiple vendor
branches.
'-d'
Use the file's modification time as the time of import. See
import options.
'-k KFLAG'
Set default keyword substitution mode. See import
options.
'-m MSG'
Use MSG for log message. See import options.
'-I IGN'
More files to ignore (! to reset). See import
options.
'-W SPEC'
More wrappers. See import options.
'init'
Create a CVS repository if it doesn't exist. See Creating a
repository.
'kserver'
Kerberos authenticated server. See Kerberos authenticated.
'log [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Print out history information for files. See log.
'-b'
Only list revisions on the default branch. See log
options.
'-d DATES'
Specify dates (D1<D2 for range, D for latest before). See
log options.
'-h'
Only print header. See log options.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
'-N'
Do not list tags. See log options.
'-R'
Only print name of RCS file. See log options.
'-rREVS'
Only list revisions REVS. See log options.
'-s STATES'
Only list revisions with specified states. See log
options.
'-t'
Only print header and descriptive text. See log
options.
'-wLOGINS'
Only list revisions checked in by specified logins. See
log options.
'login'
Prompt for password for authenticating server. See Password
authentication client.
'logout'
Remove stored password for authenticating server. See
Password authentication client.
'pserver'
Password authenticated server. See Password authentication
server.
'rannotate [OPTIONS] [MODULES...]'
Show last revision where each line was modified. See
annotate.
'-D DATE'
Annotate the most recent revision no later than DATE. See
Common options.
'-F'
Force annotation of binary files. (Without this option,
binary files are skipped with a message.)
'-f'
Use head revision if tag/date not found. See Common
options.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. Recursive
behavior.
'-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
'-r TAG'
Annotate revision TAG. See Common options.
'rdiff [OPTIONS] MODULES...'
Show differences between releases. See rdiff.
'-c'
Context diff output format (default). See rdiff
options.
'-D DATE'
Select revisions based on DATE. See Common options.
'-f'
Use head revision if tag/date not found. See Common
options.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
'-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
'-r REV'
Select revisions based on REV. See Common options.
'-s'
Short patch - one liner per file. See rdiff options.
'-t'
Top two diffs - last change made to the file. See diff
options.
'-u'
Unidiff output format. See rdiff options.
'-V VERS'
Use RCS Version VERS for keyword expansion (obsolete). See
rdiff options.
'release [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY'
Indicate that a directory is no longer in use. See
release.
'-d'
Delete the given directory. See release options.
'remove [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Remove an entry from the repository. See Removing files.
'-f'
Delete the file before removing it. See Removing
files.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
'-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
'rlog [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Print out history information for modules. See log.
'-b'
Only list revisions on the default branch. See log
options.
'-d DATES'
Specify dates (D1<D2 for range, D for latest before). See
log options.
'-h'
Only print header. See log options.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
'-N'
Do not list tags. See log options.
'-R'
Only print name of RCS file. See log options.
'-rREVS'
Only list revisions REVS. See log options.
'-s STATES'
Only list revisions with specified states. See log
options.
'-t'
Only print header and descriptive text. See log
options.
'-wLOGINS'
Only list revisions checked in by specified logins. See
log options.
'rtag [OPTIONS] TAG MODULES...'
Add a symbolic tag to a module. See Revisions and
Branching and merging.
'-a'
Clear tag from removed files that would not otherwise be
tagged. See Tagging add/remove.
'-b'
Create a branch named TAG. See Branching and merging.
'-B'
Used in conjunction with -F or -d, enables movement and
deletion of branch tags. Use with extreme caution.
'-D DATE'
Tag revisions as of DATE. See Tagging by date/tag.
'-d'
Delete TAG. See Modifying tags.
'-F'
Move TAG if it already exists. See Modifying tags.
'-f'
Force a head revision match if tag/date not found. See
Tagging by date/tag.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
'-n'
No execution of tag program. See Common options.
'-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
'-r REV'
Tag existing tag REV. See Tagging by date/tag.
'server'
Rsh server. See Connecting via rsh.
'status [OPTIONS] FILES...'
Display status information in a working directory. See File
status.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
'-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
'-v'
Include tag information for file. See Tags.
'tag [OPTIONS] TAG [FILES...]'
Add a symbolic tag to checked out version of files. See
Revisions and Branching and merging.
'-b'
Create a branch named TAG. See Branching and merging.
'-c'
Check that working files are unmodified. See Tagging
the working directory.
'-D DATE'
Tag revisions as of DATE. See Tagging by date/tag.
'-d'
Delete TAG. See Modifying tags.
'-F'
Move TAG if it already exists. See Modifying tags.
'-f'
Force a head revision match if tag/date not found. See
Tagging by date/tag.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
'-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
'-r REV'
Tag existing tag REV. See Tagging by date/tag.
'unedit [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Undo an edit command. See Editing files.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
'-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
'update [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Bring work tree in sync with repository. See update.
'-A'
Reset any sticky tags/date/options. See Sticky tags
and Keyword substitution.
'-C'
Overwrite locally modified files with clean copies from the
repository (the modified file is saved in '.#FILE.REVISION',
however).
'-D DATE'
Check out revisions as of DATE (is sticky). See Common
options.
'-d'
Create directories. See update options.
'-f'
Use head revision if tag/date not found. See Common
options.
'-I IGN'
More files to ignore (! to reset). See import
options.
'-j REV'
Merge in changes. See update options.
'-k KFLAG'
Use KFLAG keyword expansion. See Substitution modes.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. Recursive
behavior.
'-P'
Prune empty directories. See Moving directories.
'-p'
Check out files to standard output (avoids stickiness). See
update options.
'-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
'-r TAG'
Checkout revision TAG (is sticky). See Common
options.
'-W SPEC'
More wrappers. See import options.
'version'
Display the version of CVS being used. If the repository is
remote, display both the client and server versions.
'watch [on|off|add|remove] [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
on/off: turn on/off read-only checkouts of files. See
Setting a watch.
add/remove: add or remove notification on actions. See
Getting Notified.
'-a ACTIONS'
Specify actions for temporary watch, where ACTIONS is 'edit',
'unedit', 'commit', 'all', or 'none'. See Editing
files.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
'-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
'watchers [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
See who is watching a file. See Watch information.
'-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
'-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
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